The common oak is one of the most important and most widely distributed of European broad-leaved trees. Its range extends from Spain eastwards as far as the Ukraine and northwards as far as Sweden.
It grows to an age of 600 to 800 years and, in the open, develops a huge trunk and broad crown. Under ideal conditions, heights of 40 metres can be attained: Up to about 20 to 30 years of age the bark is smooth and grey, in older trees it tends to become blackish-grey and deeply furrowed. The leaves are alternate with a lobed margin.
The smooth-leaved elm is marked by a vigorous production of stump suckers, and, sometimes, root suckers. It requires rich, moist soil. Found in drier situations is the form Ulmus cartinifolia suberosa that has corky winged plates on the branchlets. In the past several decades, the smooth-leaved elm has been greatly decimated by the Dutch elm disease, a disease caused by a fungus that causes wilting of the foliage and drying out of branches, and makes its further planting a controversial problem.
The European white elm grows mainly in central and eastern Europe, extending west only as far as western France and not reaching Britain. It is most plentiful in lowlands on alluvial deposits, and occurs only., up to heights of about 500 metres. It tolerates greater moisture than any other elm, and is not harmed even by passing floods. For that reason, it is often found on the banks of rivers, in the company of alder, poplar and willow. It is rarely found in dry situations, where it has a very brief life span.
The European white elm reaches a height of 20 to 30 metres, and is distinguished by plentiful trunk suckers. The bark is scaly, and shallowly furrowed. The buds are sharply pointed with two-toned brown scales edged with a paler hue. The flowers appear about two weeks later than those of the wych elm and are similarly borne on stalks 2 centimetres long. The ovate leaves have 14 to 20 pairs of secondary veins. Of all the European elms this species has the greatest resistance to fungus disease.
The wych elm is a tree that requires partial shade, and is marked by rich natural reproduction from seed, as well as a good growth of stump suckers. At lower elevations, it is often attacked by a fungus disease that causes branches to die out. The medium heavy timber, with brownish heartwood, is used to make furniture, waggons, and other products.
It grows to an age of 600 to 800 years and, in the open, develops a huge trunk and broad crown. Under ideal conditions, heights of 40 metres can be attained: Up to about 20 to 30 years of age the bark is smooth and grey, in older trees it tends to become blackish-grey and deeply furrowed. The leaves are alternate with a lobed margin.
The smooth-leaved elm is marked by a vigorous production of stump suckers, and, sometimes, root suckers. It requires rich, moist soil. Found in drier situations is the form Ulmus cartinifolia suberosa that has corky winged plates on the branchlets. In the past several decades, the smooth-leaved elm has been greatly decimated by the Dutch elm disease, a disease caused by a fungus that causes wilting of the foliage and drying out of branches, and makes its further planting a controversial problem.
The European white elm grows mainly in central and eastern Europe, extending west only as far as western France and not reaching Britain. It is most plentiful in lowlands on alluvial deposits, and occurs only., up to heights of about 500 metres. It tolerates greater moisture than any other elm, and is not harmed even by passing floods. For that reason, it is often found on the banks of rivers, in the company of alder, poplar and willow. It is rarely found in dry situations, where it has a very brief life span.
The European white elm reaches a height of 20 to 30 metres, and is distinguished by plentiful trunk suckers. The bark is scaly, and shallowly furrowed. The buds are sharply pointed with two-toned brown scales edged with a paler hue. The flowers appear about two weeks later than those of the wych elm and are similarly borne on stalks 2 centimetres long. The ovate leaves have 14 to 20 pairs of secondary veins. Of all the European elms this species has the greatest resistance to fungus disease.
The wych elm is a tree that requires partial shade, and is marked by rich natural reproduction from seed, as well as a good growth of stump suckers. At lower elevations, it is often attacked by a fungus disease that causes branches to die out. The medium heavy timber, with brownish heartwood, is used to make furniture, waggons, and other products.
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In garden planning, a well designed structure to enclose and screen the compost heap should harmonize with the natural envoronment in your garden.
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