Tuesday, March 3, 2009

Rowan

By James Rowan

Cocoa, or more correctly cacao, is a small evergreen tree native to tropical America, probably originally growing in the Orinoco River basin. Cocoa is used to make chocolates. Cocoa can be used as spice in cooking.

As a flavouring, however, rowan- berries continue to be neglected. Perhaps because in this overly-civilized world where we can purchase everything packaged and ready-made we have forgotten to look about us and make the most of nature's bounty, of the fruits which are not found on the market but are plentiful in the wild.

The tender young leaves combined with eggs were a popular dish called 'tansy', eaten at Easter to celebrate the end of fasting. This custom has survived to this day in the form of Easter cakes and puddings flavoured with tansy leaves.

Cocoa, as well as the chocolate made from it, are surprisingly enough used to flavour certain meat and fish dishes (mainly octopus). It is used in combination with onion, garlic and tomatoes, principally in Italy and Spain.

The rowan is distributed throughout western and central Europe from the lowlands up to the tree-line.and in northern Europe, even north of the Arctic Circle. It is a small, deciduous, rapidly-growing tree reaching a maximum height of 20 m (65 ft); it is not very long-lived and its wood is of little value. Its one advantage is that it is completely hardy.

Tansy may still occasionally be encountered in gardens, where it is generally grown for decoration. The ornamental form T. vulgare crispum is often cultivated. The yellow, button-like flower-heads arc composed only of tubular flowers; female flowers round the perimeter and bisexual flowers in the centre.

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